Exposure

Exposure with cameras is an amazing way to manipulate an image:

The camera uses a balance of three different settings to adjust the amount of light to reach the sensor:


Shutter Speed

Aperture

ISO

Shutter speed determines how long the sensor is exposed for on a video camera is not as flexible as photography cameras, for example for a standard video, the shutter speed should always be exactly double the frame rate: (Eg.g 25 fps should be a shutter of 1/50. or in other words, it should be 180º. Other shutter speeds will only be used in unique circumstances. Slow shutter speeds (e.g. 270º) to make the images blurry for artistic effect, or faster shutter speeds  (e.g 1/100 or 90º) for filming fast moving objects in high light.

Aperture determines how much light reaches the sensor.   for high-end cinema lens they use a system of T-stops rather than F-stops, T-stops is the actual measurement of light rather than an f-stop

 which is theoretical: 

ISO is the sensitivity of the sensor.  This is a very useful tool for cinematography as there is limitations with the use of shutter speed.